Some of representative digital signature scheme, such as RSA, make the use of large number and therefore the efficiency is not favorable, especially in the situation that the digital signatures are necessary to be commuted constantly. Rabin system is comparative simple, but it has to pick some special large prime to utilization. The paper provided a new digital signature scheme according to the characteristics of factoring polynomials over a large infinite field and quadratic residue. The scheme is not only as secure and effective as Rabin scheme,but also has not particular demand of the basic prime.